Type-writing machine.



F. W. HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLoATIoN FILED AUG. 15.1899.

1,926,642. Patented May 14, 1912.

VVTNEEEEE INVENTF? Ej REDf-:mEV/HLLHRD P, W. BILLARD. TYPE WRITINGMACHINE.

APPLICATION -FILED AUG.15, 1899. 1,026,642, Patented May 14, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 SNT al QQ @vea/@nb WT Wald 5 l a 5 vw@ who@ (y Jaw iffHof/1mg Y Smm* @lv LMLaooQ/o UNITED sTATEs ,PATENT oEEro l 'TYrE-WEITINGMACHINE.

Speceation oi Letters Pate/nt.

Patente-,array 1a, 1era.

Original application filed Augusti25, 1896, Serial No. 603,845. Dividedand thsapplication filed August 15, 1899. Serial-No. 727,275.

To all whom t may concern.' y

`Be it known that I, FREDERIC W.`IIIL Lann, a resident of Tottenville,in-the count-y 'my application filed in the United States Patent Otiiceon the 25th day of August, 1896, which has been `serially numbered tectby Letters Patent of the United States;

`Referring to the accompanyingdrawings The invention described in thisapplication relates to an improved escapement for the spaced member ofty-pewriting machines, and `has for its object to provide such aconstruction thereof asv will result in a quick, but steady feed of thespaced member, and which will provide for suchan adjustment of thepart-s as topermit the key levers to be worked with a light fingerpressure.

M The escapement herein described has many advantages in common with thecscapements described in my prior patents, viz: No. 554,874, datedFebruary 18, 1896; No. 577,982, dated March 2, 1897, Vand No. 580,281,dated AprilA 6, 1897, and No. 616,840, dated December 27th, 1898, towhich patents reference is hereby made for the disclosure of thegene-ral principles in- 'volved -in the'actions of the presentescapement. I will in the accompanying speciiication and claimsparticularly point out and claim the several features particular to thisinvent-ion and which I desire to proin which corresponding parts aredesignated by similar marks of reference: Figure 1 is a transversesection' through a typewriting machine having my improved escapementmounted thereon, the plane of section *being adjacent to the escapement.Fig. 2 is van elevation showing the escapemc-nt mechanism, and thepower`spring for the spaced vmember detached from the machine frame. Figs. 3,4, and 5, are detailed views of the escapement, showingdiagrammat-ically Ythe parts thereof in theI positions corresponding todifferent positions of the key levers. Figs. 6, 7, and 8, are elevationsof the. escapement mechanism detached from the. r'achi'ne"y frani,ithe`positi ons of the parts'` views\of the dogs and rack of Figs. 3 to 5, j

showing more fully the cycle of movement of the dogs and rack during themovementof the keys.

In Fig. lof the drawings I have shown my improved escapementas appliedto a machine of the general Remington type, although it is obvious thatmy improved escapement is adapted for use with other types of machines.In this machine the type b-ars 1 are actuated from' correspondingkeylevers 2, as well known, the type bars 'when iny their normalposition resting in a buffer or basket 3. A universal bar, 4 eX- tendsbeneath all the key levers, and through the connect-ing wires 5transmits motion to the rocker frame 6, to rock the latter toward thefront of the machine upon the depression of a key; the rocker framebeing moved 8. The spaced member comprises a paper carriage 9, runningon suit-able guides 1 0 and 11 at the front and back, and a rack o1'toothed member 12 connected therewith; the spaced member being drawnforwardly in the line of printing by. a carriage propelling power in theform of main spring 8,v all of which Vis well known. `The escapementproper. comprises two members, therack and detent, the latter composedof the .rocker frame and parts thereon.

vT he rocker frame or detent 6 is pivoted at 13 to the base of themachine, and carries two reciprocating elements or spacing dogs 14 and15, the latterl of which is normally, engaged with the rack and theformer normally disengaged but adapted to be brought. Vinto engagementtherewith when the dog 15 is disengaged. The dog 14 will be hereinafterdesignated as the roller dog because of its lpeculiarroller constructionand to distinguish'it from dog 15 which has no roller.

The rocker frame has two upwardly eli--v tending parallel arms 16 and17, between which is pivoted the lower portion of the' normallydisengaged dog 14, while the normallyiengaged' dog 15 is pivoted uponthe upper end of the armi16; both dogs being pivoted to vibrate orreciprocate in the line of the carriage feed. The roller dog` 14 ismounted on the rocker 'frame toward the back of the machine, and islimited in its rearward motion in' the line of the feed on the rockerframe by an adjustable stop 184 carried on the projecting part 19 of thearm 1G, and is normally heldagainst this stop by a spring 20 secured toit and to the rocker' frame. The normally engaged d'og 15 is providedwith a flattened base 21 which is adapted to bear at each end upon -theleaf 22 of an impulse spring 23 secured to the c rocker frame, the leafbeing so depressed by the dogy as to be under constant tension. Thisspring determinesthe normal position' of dog 15 when the latters'disengaged from the rack, and holds it in what I term a centual orintermediate position (see Fig. 8), but permits it tobe moved forwardlyinthe line of the feed with the rack against a stop Q4v carried by anose 24FL projecting from the uper part of the arm 16 of the -roclierframe A316.84() stops and .holds the normally e n gaged dog thereof, thetwo dogs and centering springs acting in the same manner, but bydilierent mechanism. y

In the normalposition of the parts, shown in Figs. 1, 3, and G, therackis in engagement with the dog 15 and impelled by the main spring 8carries the latter forwardly against the stop24. Upon the depression ofa key the rocker frame is swung toward the front of the machine, thefirst effect of this 'movement being to disengage the rack from the.normally engaged dog 15, and before their complete disengagement'toengage the rack and roller dog 14. The dog 15, as soon as disngaged fromthe rack, is thrown rearwardly by its spring E23 to its central orintermediate position; while the movement of the rocker frame toward thefront of the machine, together with -the 'forward spacing movement ofdog 14, under the pull of the rack, brings an anti-friction bearing, inthe form of a roller, carried in lugs 26, 26 on the forward face of dog14, into contact with tooth 27 the tooth being adjustably ,mounted onthe machine frame through the medium of slots 28, 28 and screws-29, 29as lshown. Thevbacl'r end of the tooth hasa beveled face 30 thereon aainst which theroller bears and an un eveled face 30,

the two faces forming a' point 30b on the tooth where they meet. lVith astaccato blow upon the keys the type will strike the paper immediatelyat or sometimes before'the engagement between the roller 25 andthebeveled face of the tooth 27, while if a legato blow is struck, the typewill strike the paper sometime after the engagements of said parts, andafter the carriagehas spaced for- 'ward a corresponding greaterdistance, and has been cammed back by the roller running up the beveledface 30 of the tooth 27, this being due to the continued movement of the`rocker frame. The function of the camming back of thecarriage in.preserving proper spacing witlrdit'crent blows, and in'preventingblurring, if the key should be held down, has been explained in my priorpatents to which reference is hereby made.l `Upon the release of the kythe rocker frame is swung toward the back of the machine by theV rockerframe returning spring Y, and bythe main spring S pulling the rack 12forward against tooth- 27, so that dog 14 is disengaged from the rackand dog 15 rengaged therewith; the rack spacing forward during suchdisengagement and carrying each dog forward in turn while in engagement.The dog 15 enters the rack in front of the rack tooth which was engagedwith dog 14 andl spaces forwardly therewith against the stop Q4 asbefore described. l

The pull of the main spring 8 upon dog 14 when the latter is inengagement with the rack, tends to draw the latterfforwardly, and as theroller 25 and beveled face 30 are in engagement at' such time, alsotends to force the roller to run down the bevel, thus throwing therocker frame toward the back of the machine, and so assisting the rockerframe returning. spring 7 to restore the rocker frame 6 to its normalposition.- The pull of the main spring 8 thus exerted on the rockerframe 6 results therefore'in as sisting to a greater or .less extent, inthe re engagement of the normally engaged ele-y ments of the escapement;and, as the key levers are connected with rocker frame by the connectingwires and universal bar 4, it also assists in returning Vthe depressedkey leverto normal position. This action ef the main spring upon the keylevers I have heretofore designatedas a repulser and have describedit-,as well as the ren'gagement of Ithe parts by the pnl-,lifbf the mainsprinl in detail in my prior patents before referred to -,The .dogs 14and 15'- lare each provided withgunbeveled"holding faces and beveledworking edges comprising a beveled face 31 and an unbeveled face 32 onroller dog 14,

j. greater than the width of the rack.

mence its rearward movement under the influence of its impulse spring 23before the dog has wholly escaped from the rack. This.

insures a quick proper positioning of the dog 15 to renter the rack uponthe return of the parts to normal engagement. But be fore the unbeveledface 34 of dog 15 is disengaged from the rack which takes place at aboutthe half depression of a key') the unbeveled face 32 of dog 14 .isbrought into engagement with the rack, the distance be tween thejunction of the beveled and un-v beveled faces on the two dogs not beingDuring the latter half of the down stroke-on the key the unbeveled face32 of dog 14 passeswell into the rack (see Fig. 5) and holds thecarriage until after the printing. As soon as the finger pressure on thekey is released dog 14 begins to be disengaged from the rack, partlyunder the action of theA retractile spring 7 and partly under the pullof the main spring 8. The roller 25 attached to the dog moves along thebeveled face 30 of the carriage controlling tooth 27,

and the carriage feeds forward. As soon as the junction ofi theunbeveled face 32 with the beveled face 31 of dog 14 passes outoftbe'rack, the rack begins to slide along beveled face 31, and the speedof the carriage feed is thus accelerated, until finally dog 1'4 passesentirely out of the rack and the carriage finishes its feed at fullspeed and is stopped by the contact of the rack with the unbeveled face34 of dog 15 and by contact of the dog with stop 24.V After theprinting, therefore, the carriage is controlled by t-he unbeveled face32 of dog 14 until the type has been started away from vthe platen. Thisinsures that there shall be no blurring in the print'. After that thecarriagel is first moved forward gradually, as the roller 25 moves alongthe cam surface 30, and its feed is accelerated while the rack-slidesalong the beveled face 31, and then the carriage Y is released to finishits feedingmovementat full speed. The proportion ofthe feed that isperformed with each dog is determined by the adjusting screw 24, whichlimits the forward spacing of dog 15, and by toot-h 27 which limits theforward spacing of the dog` 14. By aid of these various adjustments eachdog may be caused to perform its desired proportion of the carriagefeed, and any part or even all of the feed may take place afterprinting. j

The speed and easy action of the present escapement is largely duc tothe tvo-action of the roller 25 with the tooth 27; particularly istli'is due to the fact that 25 rolls down the face 30 instead ofsliding. In the operation of this device the parts are so adjusted thatunder normal conditions the roller 25 Vfirst contacts with 4the tooth 27at the point 30b which is the junction of the faces 30 and 30El ofthetooth 27. The result of the roller 25 contacting with the point 30h is,that during the further cycle of movement of the parts in the feeding ofthe carriage, the roller pivots about the point 30", its axis 25a moving`in the arc of, a circle whose radius is equal to the radius of 'roller25, until theradial line from the point 3()b becomes at right angleswith the face 30. The effect of this pivotal movement of the roller 25,is to rapidly withdraw the tooth 14 from the rack 12 and to permit thefeeding movement of the carriage to be begun by a rapidlyacceleratedmotion. vAfter the radial linev 25-301 has become perpendicular to thefeeding face 30, 25 simply acts as a roller in its travel down thefeeding face 30 of the `tooth 27. This radial line of the roller 25through the point of contact 30b is designated, on Figs. 10, 11, and 12,by In Fig. 12 the line designated by v/ represents a line determined bya point of contact of the roller 25 with the feeding face 30. during thetravel of the roller down said feeding face of the tooth 27.

Referring more particularly to the large diagrammatic views: Fig. 9,represents the normal position of the parts (corresponding to that shownin Fig. 3) Fig. 10 is diagrammatic of the position assumed by theparts-under the adjustmentshown, on full depression of a key,(corresponding'to that of Fig. 5); Fig. 11 represents the position ofparts after the release of key and shows the roller 25 as having swungabout 'the point 30h as a. pivot, into the position where the rollerbegins its function as a roller in its travel down the feeding face 30:vand Fig. 12 represents a later position during the return movement ofthe parts to normal position, Aand shows the roller as having rolledpart way down the feeding face of the tooth 27.

The roller 25 may be considered as having an endless revolving feedingface, since the forward feed of the parts is permitted by the pivotalaction and rolling of said member in its contact with the feeding fade30. The forwaild feed of the carriage is due to the relative motion ofthe roller and the tooth 27, sflice the unbeveled face 32 of the dog y14is maintainedv in contact with the unbeveled face 12al of the racktooth.

The roller 25 in its rolling action on the' l feeding face 30 presentsthereto an endless revolving feeding face.

The mechanism herein shown for controll ling the carriage when the kevis depressed, is an escapement roller or pivotal support 25.I a carriagerack 12, a controlling member 27. and operative connections betweensaidconformation of the feeding face on the tooth 2T"v ll-lenee ldesignateihe escape- ',ment shown herein as a roller escapementvprovided iv'th a lbeveled feeding andy camming, impulse face.

' As man'y changes could be madein the above structure and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained'in the above descrip- '.tion or -shown in the correspondingdrawings shall be interpreted as illustrative, and not in a limitingsense. l desire it also to be understood that the language used in theclaims is intendedl to cover all generic and specific features of thisinvention herein dcscribed and all statements of the scope ot theinvention which as matter of language might be said to falltherebetween.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters 'Patent is z# l.. ln a typewriter escapemcnt, the combinationwith a carriagefraclr, ot a pivoted deg having a beveled face on itsside opposing the forward movement of said rack and a carriagecontrolling tooth determining the position oi the dog when it is inengagement therewith, substantially as described.

2. In a typewriter escapement, the. combination of a spaced memberhaving mibeveled engaging faces thereon, ot a pair ot dogs alternatelyengaging with the spaced member, each of the'dogs having an unbeveledengaging tace, and a'bevelcd' face thereon, the beveled engaging 'taceot each dog engaging the spaced member prior to the 'total'disengagement of the dog trom the spaced member.

3. ln a .typewriter escapen'ient` the rombination /with a spaced memberharing nnbeveled engaging faces thereon, of a normally engaged doghaving an nnliieveled face norn'ially engaging the spaced member, andbeveled face engaging the spaced member as soon as the normally'-engaged tace is disengaged therefrom, a normally disengaged dog havingan imbeveled, engaging face and a vbeveled engaging tace, anda keyconnected to the said dogs to disengage the normally engaged dog and toengage the unbeveled :tace ot the normally disengaged dog with the saidspaced mem- 'ben substantially as described;

t. The combination .in a typewriter escapement, with a power propelledcarriage, oit a rack and a dog member, comprising two dogs whichalternately engage with the rack, one ot whii'h engaged with and theother disengaged 'from the rack in thenormal position ot thecsclipcment., a key and eoi'mections tor disengaging the norn'iallvx'Yengaged dog from therack and for engaging the normally disengaged dogtherewith, and. a controlling member rigidly mounted oni-the machine andbrought into' engageirent with the normally (ilisengaged dog rwhenthatdog is 'engaged with the rack', and

which is acted on by the carriage propelling power toV d' engage thenormall)1 disenlraged 'dog trom the rlich, substantially' asdescribeifl.

5. 'The combination in av typewriter escapcment.r with a power propelledcarriage, oi a raelt and a dog member, comprising two dogs whichalternately engage with the rack, one of which. dogs is engaged' withand the other disengaged from the rackv in the normal position ot" theescapement, a hey and cmmections tor disengaging -the normally engageddog ,trom the rack and tor engaging` the norn'ially disengaged dogtherewith and a Controllingmember rigidly mounted on the machine andharing thereon a beveled tace which is engaged b v one of said dogs.

tl. rThe combination in a typewriter eapement. with the keys, ot a rarliand a dog member, (ain'iprising two dogs adapted to alternatelv engagewith the raelt, one of which dogs is engaged with and the otherdisengaged from the rack in the normal position et the machine, the saidnormally engaging dog being' provided withI -an' unbeveled holding't'ace which engages the rack in said normal position and with' abeveled feeding tace down whirh the. rack runs during the depression otthe keys and prior to the total disengagement ofi said normally engagingdog from the rack. substantially as described.

T. ln a. typewritmg machine` the combination with a printing mechanism.a series ot lzevs tor operating said mechanism, and a carriage carryinga rack, ot a dog moj'ed b v said keys and engaging the rack forcontrolling the movement of the carriage, a pivoted trame carrying saiddog, a stop carried by the frame for limiting the inove ment of the dogand a spring carried by the 'trame bearing against said dog at its underside, whereby said dog may rotate in direction against the action of thespring.

S. ln a typewriter escapement, the com-v bination with a rack ladaptedto be secured to a power driven carriage and a detent either of a rackand a two dogs which alternately engage with the rack, one of which dogsis engaged with and the other disengaged from the rack in the normalposition of the escapement, a key and connect-ions -for disengaging thenormally engaged dog from the rack and for engaging ythe normallydisengaged dog therewith, an escapement retracting spring to disengagethe normally disengaged dog from the rack, anda controlling member jhaving a beveled face which is brought into engagement with the normallydisengaged dog when that dog is engaged with the rack, and which isacted on by the carriage propelling power to aid the escapementretracting spring in disengaging said normally disengaged dog from therack, substantially as descrgbed.

10. The combination in a typewriter escapement, with a powerpropelledcarria'ge, of a rack vand a dog member, comprising two dogswhich alternately engage with the rack, one of which dogs is engagedwith and the other disengaged from the rack in the normal position ofthe esoapement, a

key and connections for disengaging the normally engaged dog from therackand for engaging the normally disengaged. dog

therewith, an escapement -retracting spring to rengage the normallyengaged dog with the rack, and a fixed member. having -a beveled facewhich is brought into engagement with the normally disengaged dog whenthat dog is engaged with the rack, and whichisacted on by the carriagepropelling power 'to aid the escapement retracting spring in rengagingsaid normally engaged dog with the rack, substantially as described.

1.1. In a typewriting machine, the' combination with a carriage-rack anda' detent, of an escapement roller on saiddetent, and acarriagecontrolling toot-h adapted to engage said roller to control themovement of the carriage. i

12. In a typewritingmachine,.the combination of a carriage rack and adetent, a

normally, engaged dog having an unbeveled face which normally engagesthe rack, an

apement roller on the detent and a carriage controlling tooth adapted toengage said roller to release the rack and enable it to commence. itsforward feeding movement.

'into action to lift the 13. In a typewriting machine, the combinationof a carriage rack and a detent, a normally engaged dog and a normallydisengaged escapement roller on the detent, a

carriaofelfontrolling tooth, and an adjustment o .lfvarying the portionsof the carriage feed which are performed under control of. theescapement roller and under control1 of the normally engaged dog,substantial 143T In combination with the carriage and rack, a detenthaving two dogs with their edges adjacent to each other beveled on 15.-In a typewriter escapement, the com bination of two elements in onemember which alternately enga e with the other member, both elementsaving their edges adjacent to each other provided with inclined faces onthe sides opposingthe forward movement of the carriage, the ltwo saidinclined faces being staggered with respect toreach other,I andsuccessively disengaged from the said other member, the one ldurmg adepression of a key and the other after the release thereof, wherebysuccessive limited,

feeds of the carriage will occur prior to and after the release of thekey.

16. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a key, carriagepropelling power, an escapement, operative connections between the keyand said escapement', the escapement having a roller dog and meanscoperating therewith for bringing the propelling power key when the keyis depress ed;

17. In a-typewriting machine,the combination of a key, a carriage, acarriage propelling power, an escapeme'nt, operative connections betweenthe key and the escapement, a controlling member; and a pivotal membervhaving an endless feeding face adapted to coperate with saidcontrolling member to control the movement of said carriage. Y j. y

18. In a'typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, carriagepropelling power, an escapement, a controlling'member having two facesthereon and 'a member adapted to roll on one ofl said faces and to.pivotally swing from said face, the juncture formed by the junction ofsaid faces being the fulcrum for this .pivotal action.

19. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, carriagepropelling power, a key, an escapement cont-rolled by said key. acontrolling member having faces intersecting at an angle, one of saidfaces being a feeding face, and a pivotal member having an endlessfeeding face adapted to coperate With said controlling member,substantially as described.

20. In a typewriter eseapement, the combination with a dog and carriagecontrolling tooth of a rack, whichI can be spaced step by step withrespect to and under the control of the dog, and a roller on said dogadapted to engage said tooth and to thereby space the rack backward,substantially as described.

21. In a typewriter escapement, the combination of two engaging membersWhich can be disengaged and rengaged, means operated by the keys fordisengaging the members, and a roller dog which is operated lon by thecarriage propelling power for reengaging the members, substantially asdescribed.

22. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a carriage, a carriagepropelling power, a rack, a controlling member having a feeding facethereon and a roller adapted to eooperate With said controlling member,said roller being adaptedto maintain a portion of its periphery instationary relationship with said controlling member during a portion ofthe feeding movement.

Signed by me in New York city, this 9th day of August, 1899.

FREDERIC W. .HILLARD Witnesses:

' ABRAM COLE,

M. C. EIGENRAUCH.

